Modern Capitalism pretty much has it's roots in Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations". There were plenty of other isms before then. C.S. Lewis was having to reconcile his beliefs against the West's Mercantilism and Colonialism as well as Capitalism. But modern Capitalism as we know it didn't exist in Biblical times, and the Bible talks of making investments too. Making money isn't an evil thing, hurting others in the process is.