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<blockquote data-quote="35years" data-source="post: 3476744" data-attributes="member: 60822"><p><a href="https://www.economist.com/node/12510632" target="_blank">The Hawthorne effect</a></p><p><em><strong>"The Hawthorne effect is named after what was one of the most famous experiments (or, more accurately, series of experiments) in industrial history. It marked a sea change in thinking about work and productivity. Previous studies, in particular Frederick Taylor's influential ideas, had focused on the individual and on ways in which an individual's performance could be improved. Hawthorne set the individual in a social context, establishing that the performance of employees is influenced by their surroundings and by the people that they are working with as much as by their own innate abilities.</strong></em></p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p><em><strong>The experiments took place at Western Electric's factory at Hawthorne, a suburb of Chicago, in the late 1920s and early 1930s. They were conducted for the most part under the supervision of Elton Mayo, an Australian-born sociologist who eventually became a professor of industrial research at Harvard.</strong></em></p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p><em><strong>The original purpose of the experiments was to study the effects of physical conditions on productivity. Two groups of workers in the Hawthorne factory were used as guinea pigs. One day the lighting in the work area for one group was improved dramatically while the other group's lighting remained unchanged. The researchers were surprised to find that the productivity of the more highly illuminated workers increased much more than that of the control group.</strong></em></p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p><em><strong>The employees' working conditions were changed in other ways too (their <span style="color: #b30000">working hours</span>, rest breaks and so on), and in all cases their productivity improved when a change was made. Indeed, their productivity even improved when the lights were dimmed again. By the time everything had been returned to the way it was before the changes had begun, productivity at the factory was at its highest level. Absenteeism had plummeted."</strong></em></p><p></p><p>Workers want a brighter workplace...Turn up the lights.</p><p>Productivity improves.</p><p></p><p>Turn them back down incrementally, even dimmer than at the start...</p><p>Productivity remains higher.</p><p></p><p>Push the start times earlier...Happy contract voters.</p><p>Push the start times incrementally later, after the vote... No one complains.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="35years, post: 3476744, member: 60822"] [URL='https://www.economist.com/node/12510632']The Hawthorne effect[/URL] [I][B]"The Hawthorne effect is named after what was one of the most famous experiments (or, more accurately, series of experiments) in industrial history. It marked a sea change in thinking about work and productivity. Previous studies, in particular Frederick Taylor's influential ideas, had focused on the individual and on ways in which an individual's performance could be improved. Hawthorne set the individual in a social context, establishing that the performance of employees is influenced by their surroundings and by the people that they are working with as much as by their own innate abilities. The experiments took place at Western Electric's factory at Hawthorne, a suburb of Chicago, in the late 1920s and early 1930s. They were conducted for the most part under the supervision of Elton Mayo, an Australian-born sociologist who eventually became a professor of industrial research at Harvard. The original purpose of the experiments was to study the effects of physical conditions on productivity. Two groups of workers in the Hawthorne factory were used as guinea pigs. One day the lighting in the work area for one group was improved dramatically while the other group's lighting remained unchanged. The researchers were surprised to find that the productivity of the more highly illuminated workers increased much more than that of the control group. The employees' working conditions were changed in other ways too (their [COLOR=#b30000]working hours[/COLOR], rest breaks and so on), and in all cases their productivity improved when a change was made. Indeed, their productivity even improved when the lights were dimmed again. By the time everything had been returned to the way it was before the changes had begun, productivity at the factory was at its highest level. Absenteeism had plummeted."[/B][/I] Workers want a brighter workplace...Turn up the lights. Productivity improves. Turn them back down incrementally, even dimmer than at the start... Productivity remains higher. Push the start times earlier...Happy contract voters. Push the start times incrementally later, after the vote... No one complains. [/QUOTE]
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