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<blockquote data-quote="fishtm2001" data-source="post: 4623609" data-attributes="member: 54375"><p>"...according to then DNI James Clapper, Putin anticipated that Hillary Clinton would win the election. Escalating toward vote tampering therefore could have backfired, since a Clinton administration presumably would have hit back—hard—with cyber, economic, or diplomatic penalties. By contrast, executing perception management operations brought Putin guaranteed benefits and fewer risks. (As Asha Rangappa, along with former CIA officers John Sipher and Alex Finley, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/60814/putin-win-win-strategy-life-post-2016-trump/" target="_blank">have written</a>, engaging in a polarizing disinformation campaign would have yielded returns even if Clinton had won.) Russia had executed influence operations against the United States before and would endure <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/us/politics/russia-election-hacking-sanctions.html" target="_blank">some costs</a> for its sweeping 2016 operation; directly manipulating the vote would have marked a still further jump up the ladder of escalation between the two countries."</p><p></p><p>Justsecurity.org</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="fishtm2001, post: 4623609, member: 54375"] "...according to then DNI James Clapper, Putin anticipated that Hillary Clinton would win the election. Escalating toward vote tampering therefore could have backfired, since a Clinton administration presumably would have hit back—hard—with cyber, economic, or diplomatic penalties. By contrast, executing perception management operations brought Putin guaranteed benefits and fewer risks. (As Asha Rangappa, along with former CIA officers John Sipher and Alex Finley, [URL='https://www.justsecurity.org/60814/putin-win-win-strategy-life-post-2016-trump/']have written[/URL], engaging in a polarizing disinformation campaign would have yielded returns even if Clinton had won.) Russia had executed influence operations against the United States before and would endure [URL='https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/us/politics/russia-election-hacking-sanctions.html']some costs[/URL] for its sweeping 2016 operation; directly manipulating the vote would have marked a still further jump up the ladder of escalation between the two countries." Justsecurity.org [/QUOTE]
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