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<blockquote data-quote="cheryl" data-source="post: 2959914" data-attributes="member: 1"><p><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias" target="_blank"><strong>Confirmation bias</strong></a>, also called <strong>confirmatory bias</strong> or <strong>myside bias</strong>, is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. It is a type of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias" target="_blank">cognitive bias</a> and a systematic error of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning" target="_blank">inductive reasoning</a>. People display this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion" target="_blank">emotionally</a> charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs. People also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position. Biased search, interpretation and memory have been invoked to explain <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_polarization" target="_blank">attitude polarization</a> (when a disagreement becomes more extreme even though the different parties are exposed to the same evidence), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias#Persistence_of_discredited_beliefs" target="_blank">belief perseverance</a> (when beliefs persist after the evidence for them is shown to be false), the irrational primacy effect (a greater reliance on information encountered early in a series) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_correlation" target="_blank">illusory correlation</a> (when people falsely perceive an association between two events or situations).</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>A series of experiments in the 1960s suggested that people are biased toward confirming their existing beliefs. Later work re-interpreted these results as a tendency to test ideas in a one-sided way, focusing on one possibility and ignoring alternatives. In certain situations, this tendency can bias people's conclusions. Explanations for the observed biases include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishful_thinking" target="_blank">wishful thinking</a> and the limited human capacity to process information. Another explanation is that people show confirmation bias because they are weighing up the costs of being wrong, rather than investigating in a neutral, scientific way.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>Confirmation biases contribute to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overconfidence_effect" target="_blank">overconfidence</a> in personal beliefs and can maintain or strengthen beliefs in the face of contrary evidence. Poor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making" target="_blank">decisions</a> due to these biases have been found in political and organizational contexts.</em></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="cheryl, post: 2959914, member: 1"] [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias'][B]Confirmation bias[/B][/URL], also called [B]confirmatory bias[/B] or [B]myside bias[/B], is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. It is a type of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias']cognitive bias[/URL] and a systematic error of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning']inductive reasoning[/URL]. People display this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion']emotionally[/URL] charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs. People also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position. Biased search, interpretation and memory have been invoked to explain [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_polarization']attitude polarization[/URL] (when a disagreement becomes more extreme even though the different parties are exposed to the same evidence), [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias#Persistence_of_discredited_beliefs']belief perseverance[/URL] (when beliefs persist after the evidence for them is shown to be false), the irrational primacy effect (a greater reliance on information encountered early in a series) and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_correlation']illusory correlation[/URL] (when people falsely perceive an association between two events or situations). A series of experiments in the 1960s suggested that people are biased toward confirming their existing beliefs. Later work re-interpreted these results as a tendency to test ideas in a one-sided way, focusing on one possibility and ignoring alternatives. In certain situations, this tendency can bias people's conclusions. Explanations for the observed biases include [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishful_thinking']wishful thinking[/URL] and the limited human capacity to process information. Another explanation is that people show confirmation bias because they are weighing up the costs of being wrong, rather than investigating in a neutral, scientific way. Confirmation biases contribute to [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overconfidence_effect']overconfidence[/URL] in personal beliefs and can maintain or strengthen beliefs in the face of contrary evidence. Poor [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making']decisions[/URL] due to these biases have been found in political and organizational contexts.[/I] [/QUOTE]
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