One only has to look at the Congo to see that the Belgians were as racist as any group on Earth. But as far as creating a color based system that was South Africa, and the former Rhodesia(Zimbabwe). White numbers were never sufficient elsewhere to motivate creating such a system.
This is what I was referring to, but I didn't know the earlier history:
"In 1935, Belgium introduced a permanent division of the population by strictly dividing the population into three ethnic groups, with the Hutu representing about 84% of the population, Tutsi about 15%, and Twa about 1% of the population.
[29] Identity cards were issued labeling each individual as either Tutsi, Hutu, Twa, or Naturalised. While it had previously been possible for particularly wealthy Hutus to become honorary Tutsis, the identity cards prevented any further movement between the groups.
The ethnic identities of the Hutu and Tutsi were reshaped and mythologized by the colonizers. Christian missionaries promoted the theory about the "Hamitic" origins of the kingdom, and referred to the distinctively Ethiopian features and hence, foreign origins, of the Tutsi "caste". These mythologies provide the basis for anti-Tutsi propaganda in 1994."
Hamitic refers to the Son of Noah, Ham, who was cursed for laughing at his father's drunken nudity. Along with Cain's mark, this was one of the biblically based theories for the origins of black people that was popular at the time.