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United Parcel Service Inc. jacked up fees by 30% to $650 for the largest items it delivers to discourage shippers from putting kayaks, refrigerators and other oversize items into a network meant for smaller parcels.

The higher fee on “over maximum limit,” or overmax, items is currently $500 and will jump on June 4. “The charge is intended to encourage shippers to use the UPS Freight network for these large items,” UPS spokesman Glenn Zaccara said.

UPS’s parcel network is primarily built for small and medium-size packages, which can zip through some automated sortation hubs at the rate of 416,000 an hour. Some large and irregular-size packages need extra handling and routing to bypass conveyor belts built for the smaller items, adding costs.

TATEL, Circuit Judge.

The U.S. Postal Service holds congressionally authorized monopoly power over the market for some of its products, like first-class mail delivery, but for other products, like parcel post, it competes with private companies. To promote fair competition, Congress tasked the Postal Regulatory Commission with ensuring that the Postal Service sets competitive products’ prices high enough to cover all “costs attributable to [those] product[s] through reliably identified causal relationships.” 39 U.S.C. § 3631(b); see also id. § 3633(a)(2). In two 2016 orders, the Commission directed the Postal Service to include among the “costs attributable” to competitive products those costs that would disappear were the Postal Service to stop offering those products for sale. United Parcel Service, Inc., which competes with the Postal Service, petitions for review of both orders, arguing that the cost attribution methodology the Commission embraced is both inconsistent with the statute that gives the Commission its regulatory authority and arbitrary and capricious. For the reasons that follow, we deny the petitions.