Done properly sure. I don't want a car that's about to break in two but a simple check engine light shouldn't fail inspection.
The very-best commonwealth has a pretty strict yearly inspection. Looking at some of the cars on the road, it's a good thing.
Years ago, it was twice yearly, which was a little much.
Emission inspections here just involve plugging a computer into the OBD II and looking for codes and pending codes. If a code shows as emissions related, the owner is given the option to fix it up to a set monetary amount. If the repair goes over that amount, he gets an exemption.