That's precisely how it went down in 2008. The media was crying recession after less than two months decline of GDP. Based on the definition of recession alone it was, and is, irresponsible to claim there is a recession at that point.
Roughly 70% of economic growth is consumer spending so when irresponsible and/or politically driven individuals and "news" outlets are convincing the average Joe, who can't think for themselves, that a recession is coming they tend to spend less. So, the economy is wrecked by said irresponsible individuals convincing ignoramuses that they should spend less. Which is the very thing that fuels the economy.
And that's basic economics and common sense.
Think the latest thing that's been really spooking investors has been the US Treasury bond yield curve inversion, which itself may have indeed been caused by investors' self-fulfilling prophecies of doom and gloom. They cash out of stocks and head to bonds. T-bond yields decrease as investor demand increases. Such yield curve inversions have preceded recessions by a year or two in 1978, 1988, 2000 and 2005/6. Did invert without preceding a recession in 1998.